Credits

Much of the material researched in the writing of this article includes the rare and scholarly study of the Espada fish by Adolfo Cesar De Noronha in his Portuguese language publication "Um Peixe da Madeira" (Edição Renascença Portuguesa, Porto, 1924), Peter Sziemer's "Madeira's Natural History in a Nutshell" (1st Edition, Francisco Ribeiro & Filhos, Funchal, 2000), Adão Abreu Nune's Portuguese language publication "Peixes da Madeira" (1st Edition, Imprensa Regional da Madeira, Funchal, 1953), Fernando Auguso da Silva and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes Portuguese language publication "Elucidário Madeirense" (CDRom Edition, Centro de Estudos História Atlântico, Funchal, 1999 - based on a 1946 text version), Margarida Rorigues Camacho, et. al. "Cozinha Madeirense" (4th Edition, Direcção Regional de Inovação e Gestão Educativa, Funchal, 1997), and several non-academic sources including fishermen and local persons.

Unless otherwise indicated all photos are property of Madeira Online. Some photos without credits belong to unknown or anonymous authors who contributed over the years to our stock photography on a philanthropic basis. Our sincerest gratitude goes toward Professor Thomas Dellinger who so magnanimously provided many of the fishing boat pictures used, and a photocopy of a small text from his library of books regarding marine biology wherein we found the Latin name and definition for "Espada Preta" or Black Scabbard.